Goldman Sachs estimates average global crude freight rate has climbed to $30 a barrel from $4 a year ago, with Middle East routes at $35. Ship-to-ship transfers are the main driver. The premium for Murban crude over Basrah crude has risen to $43 from $2 in February. Dated Brent now trades at a $40 premium to WTI and $24 to Dubai crude. Brent basis has climbed to 27%.

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